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Marijane Meaker (b. 1927) wrote below the pen names of Vin Packer and Ann Aldrich, in addition to serving as a copy-editor for Gold Medal Books. Bannon wrote: Odd Girl Out, 1957 Gold Medal Books; I’m a Woman, 1959 Gold Medal Books; Women in the Shadows, 1959 Gold Medal Books; Journey to a Woman, 1960 Gold Medal Books; The marriage, 1960 Gold Medal Books; Beebo Brinker, 1962 Gold Medal Books. 1932) wrote six lesbian themed pulp novels from 1957 to 1962 that later became known as the Beebo Brinker Chronicles. 1913) wrote eight lesbian themed novels from 1957-1964, poetry that was published in the Ladder, and several novels within the 1970s by means of Naiad Press. Grier republished most of the books in this span in the 1980s underneath Naiad, and Cleis Press and Feminist Press have again reissued them. Attributable to their recognition, these books set the standard of what consisted of lesbian pulp fiction, accounting for about 85% of the genre. Writer Yvonne Keller divides books within the lesbian pulp fiction style into subclasses she labels “pro-lesbian” and “virile adventures”. Despite how much virile adventures consisted of the genre, professional-lesbian books are probably the most loved and re-published within the genre.

Bannon wrote to Meaker after reading the novel, and Meaker satisfied her to submit her personal manuscript to Gold Medal Books for publication in the style. After the success of Women’s Barracks, Gold Medal Books published one other paperback with lesbian themes, Spring Fire. The primary paperback to address a lesbian relationship was revealed as early as 1950 with Women’s Barracks by Tereska Torrès, printed by Gold Medal Books. Spring Fire, by Marijane Meaker written underneath the pseudonym “Vin Packer,” is considered to be the primary lesbian paperback novel, since the plot focused on the connection of the 2 major characters, versus the various relationships examined in Women’s Barracks. Pro-lesbian paperbacks have been generally about and by girls, featured a love story between ladies, had pretty nicely-developed characters, and tended to not characteristic gratuitous or graphic sexual encounters. Virile adventures had been extra male centered, perhaps with not less than one male essential character, and featured graphic depictions of intercourse. Virile adventures were homophobic, voyeuristic, and focused on catering to the male viewers.

Authors of lesbian paperbacks had been each male and feminine, and infrequently used pseudonyms – the male authors incessantly used female names. Because of their tame covers, professional-lesbian novels generally relied on subtle cues to trace at their lesbian content. The tragic endings of Women’s Barracks and Spring Fire (suicide and insanity) are typical of lesbian pulp novels. Women’s Barracks sold four million copies and was selected in 1952 to turn into an instance of how paperback books were promoting ethical degeneracy by the House Select Committee on Current Pornographic Materials. While authors and publishers were constrained with presenting ideological moral codes to their audiences, these virile adventures introduced lesbianism as both temporal and unnatural. The Committee concluded their investigation with a report that required publishers to conform to certain ethical requirements in the content material and publicizing of their books, or else face fines or imprisonment. Postal Service was subject to government censorship, publishers had to ensure that the books appeared in no technique to proselytize homosexuality.

However, as the decade went on, publishers grew to become bolder in printing material that may be judged as immoral. During this time, nevertheless, bisexuality was seen much less as a permanent id and extra as a stepping-stone to homosexuality or to varied forms of sexual promiscuity. However, nearly all of books in the lesbian paperback fiction genre promoted myths about lesbians and lesbianism. The overwhelming majority of characters in lesbian pulp have been white. The primary exception to this system, and technically not a pulp fiction, is the 1952 romance novel The value of Salt by Patricia Highsmith, printed in hardcover by Coward-McCann under the pseudonym of “Claire Morgan”. It is usually the primary modern lesbian novel written by a lesbian. Several writers of this “Golden Age” stood out for their contributions to gay and lesbian literature and their formation of a lesbian id prior to the arrival of feminism. Rea Michaels, author of novels including Cloak of Evil and Duet in Darkness, stands out as one of many few pulp authors to include folks of colour and interracial relationships in her books and to have representations of lesbians of shade on the covers of her novels.